Biodegradable waste refers to organic materials that can be decomposed naturally by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. Common examples include food waste, vegetable peels, paper, garden waste, and agricultural residues.
Key Data
- Globally, 44% of municipal solid waste is organic in nature (World Bank).
- India generates over 62 million tonnes of waste annually, out of which about 50–55% is biodegradable.
- When dumped in landfills, biodegradable waste releases methane, a greenhouse gas 25 times more harmful than CO₂.
Environmental Impact
- Causes soil and groundwater contamination when unmanaged
- Produces foul odor and attracts disease-carrying organisms
- Major contributor to climate change due to methane emissions
Solution
- Source segregation (wet and dry waste separation)
- Composting and biomethanation
- Community-level organic waste management systems
Proper handling of biodegradable waste can significantly reduce landfill burden and greenhouse gas emissions.